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Lesson 6: On New Democracy

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1Lesson 6:  On New Democracy Empty Lesson 6: On New Democracy Sat Jul 12, 2014 8:41 pm

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五四运动是反帝国主义的运动,又是反封建的运动。

The May 4th Movement was an anti-imperialist as well as an anti-feudal movement.

五四运动的杰出历史意义,在于它带着为辛亥革命还不曾有的姿态,这就是彻底地不妥协地反对帝国主义和彻底地不妥协地反对封建主义。

Its outstanding historical significance is to be seen in a feature which was absent from the Revolution of 1911, namely , its through and uncompromising opposition to imperialism as well as to feudalism.

五四运动所以具有这种性质,是在当时中国的资本主义经济已有进一步的发展,当时中国的知识分子眼见得俄、徳、奥三大帝国主义国家以瓦解,英、法两大帝国主义国家已经受伤,而俄国无产阶级已建立了社会主义国家,徳奥意三国无产阶级在革命中,因而发生了中国民族解放的希望。

The May 4th Movement possessed this quality because capitalism had developed a step further in China and because new hopes had arisen for the liberation of the chinese nation as China’ revolutionary intellectuals saw the collapse of three great imperialist powers, Russia, Germany and Austria-Hungary, and the weakening of two others, Britain and France, while the Russian proletariat had established a socialist state and the German, Hungarian and Italian proletariat had risen in revolution.

这个文化运动,当时还没有可能普及到工农群众中去。

At that time it was not yet possible for this cultural movement to become widely diffused among the workers and peasants.

五四运动是一场彻底地不妥协地反帝反封建的革命运动,它促使了中国工人运动同马克思主义的结合,在思想上和干部上为中国共产党的成立作了准备,是中国新民主主义革命的开端。

The May 4th Movement was a thorough-gong, uncompromising revolutionary movement against imperialism and feudalism. It was instrumental in bringing about the integration of Marxism with China’s labour movement, and it paved the way, both in ideology and in the matter of cadres, for the founding of the Chinese Communist Party. It ushered in China’s new-democratic revolution.

发展到六三运动时,就不单是知识分子,而且有广大的无产阶级、小资产阶级和资产阶级参加,成了全国范围的革命运动了。

As soon as it developed into the June 3rd Movement, not only the intellectuals but the mass of the proletariat, the petty bourgeoisie and the bourgeoisie joined in, and it became a nation-wide revolutionary movement.

五四运动所进行的文化革命则是彻底地反对封建文化的运动,自有中国历史以来,还没有这样伟大而彻底的文化革命。

当时以反对旧道德提倡新道德,反对旧文学提倡新文学,为文化革命的两大旗帜,立下了伟大的功劳。

Raising aloft the two great banners of the day, ”Down with the old ethics and up with the new!” and “Down with the old literature and up with the new !” the cultural revolution had great achievements to its credit.

The cultural revolution ushered in by the May 4th Movement was uncompromising in its opposition to feudal culture; there had never been such a great and thoroughgoing cultural revolution since the dawn of Chinese history.

第一次世界大战后,帝国主义对中国加紧侵略,北洋军阀政府对外妥协投降,对内残酷压迫人民,给中国带来了深重的民族危机。

After World War I, the imperialists stepped up their aggression against China while the Northern Warlord government resorted to compromise and capitulation externally ad to ruthless oppression of the people internally, thus landing China in a grave national crisis.

当时的资产阶级知识分子,是五四运动的右翼,到了第二个时期,他们中间的大部分就和敌人妥协,站在反动方面了。

The bourgeois intellectuals , who constituted the right wing of the May 4th Movement, mostly compromised with the enemy in the second period and went over to the side of reaction.

五四运动,在其开始时共产主义的知识分子,革命的小资产阶级分子和资产姐姐知识分子三部分人的统一战线的革命运动。

In the beginning the May 4th Movement was the revolutionary movement of a united front of three sections of people – communist intellectuals, revolutionary petty-bourgeois intellectuals and bourgeois intellectuals.

五四运动是在当时世界革命号召之下,是在俄国革命号召之下,是在列宁号召之下发生的。

The May 4th Movement came into being at the call of the world revolution, of the Russian Revolution and of Lenin.

政府逮捕了一些学生,但在群众斗争的压力下,不得不释放了。

The government arrested a number of students, but under pressure from the masses, had to set them free.

在全国人民反帝爱国斗争的压力下,北洋军阀政府被迫释放被捕学生。

Under the pressure of the nation-wide anti-imperialist patriotic struggle, the Northern Warlord government had to set fee the students it had arrested.

5月4日,北京3千学生在天安门前集合,他们高呼口号,举行示威游行。
On May 4th, over three thousand Beijing students gathered in front of Tian An Men, and then held a demonstration , shouting slogans.

这个文化运动,当时还没有可能普及到工农群众中去。

At that time, it was not yet possible for this cultural movement to become widely diffused among the workers and peasants.

它的弱点,就在只限于知识分子,没有工人农民参加。

Its shortcoming was that it was confined to the intellectuals and that the worker and peasants did not join in.

上海、唐山等地工人纷纷罢工示威。

Large numbers of workers in Shanghai, Tangshan and else where went on strike and held demonstrations.

《新青年》上刊登了李大钊同志的文章,介绍了“五一”节产生的经过。

New Youth carried Comrade Li Dazhao’s article, in which he gave an account of the birth of May Day.

北洋军阀政府出动军警镇压,捕去学生三十多名。

The Northern Warlord government called out troops and policemen to suppress the demonstration and over thirty students were arrested.

北京学生组织演讲队,开展大规模的宣传活动。

The students of Beijing formed groups of speakers and carried out extensive mobilization.

不能把亚洲视为欧洲,也不能把欧洲视为亚洲。

It is therefore not advisable to identify Asia with Europe or vice versa.

海南岛面积和台湾差不多,那里有许多资源。

Hainan Island, which is almost as big as Taiwan, has abundant natural resources.

昨天下午,我遇到了一位老朋友,这位朋友说下个星期就要出国了。

Yesterday afternoon , I met an old friend of mine, who said that he would go abroad the next week.

为了推动中美关系的发展,中国需要进一步了解美国,美国也需要进一步了解中国。

To promote the development of Sino-US relations, China needs to know the United States better and vice versa.

我们可利用的矛盾存在着,对我们有利的条件存在着,机遇存在着,问题是要善于把握。

There are contradictions that we can use, conditions that are favourable to us, opportunities that we can take advantage of – the problem is to seize them at the right moment.

不错,我们在研究所目前是正在进行基础性研究工作,但是,在基础性的研究工作中,我们不能忽视应用性的研究,在基础性的研究工作中,我们也不能忽视开发性的研究。

You are right. Our institute at present is carrying out basic research work. However, in doing so, we must overlook neither applied research nor the research for development.

先有哈佛,后有美利坚众合国,这说明了哈佛在美国历史上的作用。

The fact that Harvard was founded before the United States of American testifies to its position in the American history.

老科学家、中年科学家很重要,青年科学家也很重要。

Veteran and middle-aged scientists are important, and so are young ones.

这五年来,首先是农村改革带来了许多新的变化,农作物大幅度增产,农民收入大幅度增加,乡镇企业异军突出。

During those five years rural reform brought about many changes: gain output increased substantially, as did the peasants’ income, and rural enterprise emerged as a new force.

要提倡科学,靠科学才有希望。

We must promote science, for that is where our hope lies.

将来中国富强起来了,也永远不称霸。

China will never seek hegemony even if it grows rich and strong in the future.

七年前,也是三月份,开过一次科学大会,我讲过一篇话。

Seven years ago, also in the month of March, we held another conference at which I spoke.

我们的第一个目标是解决温饱问题,这个目标已经达到了。

Our first objective was to solve the problem of food and clothing, which we have now done.

深圳搞了七八年了,取得了很大的成绩。

But the Shenzhen Special Economic Zone has achieved remarkable successes since it was established almost eight years ago.

鸟儿向他歌唱,松鼠对他叽咕,花儿也为他开放。

To him, the birds sang, and the squirrels chattered, and the flowers bloomed.

日光来自太阳,而太阳是一团炽热、发光的气体。

Daylight comes from the sun, which is a mass of hot glowing gas.

World War II was more complex than World War I, which was a collision among the imperialist powers over the spoils of market, resources and territories.

第一次世界大战是帝国主义列强之间争夺市场、资源和领土的冲突,而第二次世界大战比第一次更复杂。

一般说来,在用词方面,英语不喜欢重复,汉语则不怕重复。

句子结构的差异可以说是我们在汉译英方面研究的主要内容。

所谓翻译,是翻译意思,而不是翻译词句。只要抓住了意思,译文在词句上可以有一定的灵活性。

the May 4th Movement 五四运动

left wing 左翼

communist ideology 共产主义思想

the paris peace conference 巴黎和会

to go on strike 罢工

hold a demonstration 示威游行

defend our sovereignty, punish the traitors 外争国权,内惩国贼

戊戌变法 the Reform Movement of 1898

中国新民主主义革命 China’s neo-democratic revolution

广大的无产阶级 the mass of the proletariat

文化革命 the cultural revolution

市民阶级 the urban intelligentsia

反封建运动 anti-feudal movement

第一次世界大战 World War I

民族危机 national crisis

废除二十一条 Abolish the Twenty-One Demands

统一战线 a united front

革命知识分子 revolutionary intellectuals

北洋军阀政府 the Northern Warlord government

辛亥革命 the Revolution of 1911

新民主主义New Democracy

新民主主义论 On New Democracy

北伐 the Northern Expedition

主力 the mainstay

七届人大第三次会议 the Third session of Seventh National People’s Congress

初步的共产主义思想 the rudiments of communist ideology

安理会常任理事国 Permanent members of the Security Council

反封建运动 anti-feudal movement

不妥协的 uncompromising

俄国无产阶级 the Russian proletariat

革命的小资产阶级知识分子 revolutionary petty-bourgeois intellectuals

提倡新道德 up with the new ethics

工农群众 workers and peasants

独立的力量 independence

做了准备 pave the way

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